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2011-04-23 21:09:17
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Bullying-Mobbing


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This wiki focuses around increasing awareness about "Stalking", and more specifically, "Cyber-stalking".
This particular page will be centered around the closely related topics of "Bullying" and "Mobbing".


Come join the group on Facebook: "Cyberstalking Awareness"
http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=108817515813806

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What is "Bullying"? What is "Mobbing"?

See also: Health_Issues_Of_VictimsVictimizationVictimizing_Methods.

Bullying:

Resource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying

Bullying: is an act of repeated aggressive behavior in order to intentionally hurt another person, physically or mentally. Bullying is characterized by an individual behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person.

Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus defines bullying as when a person is..

  "..exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons." He defines negative action as "when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways".


General


Bullying behavior may include name calling, verbal or written abuse, exclusion from activities, exclusion from social situations, physical abuse, or coercion. Bullies may behave this way to be perceived as popular or tough or to get attention. They may bully out of jealousy or be acting out because they themselves are bullied.

USA National Center for Education Statistics suggests that bullying can be broken into two categories: Direct bullying, and indirect bullying which is also known as social aggression.

Ross states that direct bullying involves a great deal of physical aggression such as shoving and poking, throwing things, slapping, choking, punching and kicking, beating, stabbing, pulling hair, scratching, biting, scraping and pinching.

He also suggests that social aggression or indirect bullying is characterized by threatening the victim into social isolation. This isolation is achieved through a wide variety of techniques, including spreading gossip, refusing to socialize with the victim, bullying other people who wish to socialize with the victim, and criticizing the victim's manner of dress and other socially-significant markers (including the victim's race, religion, disability, etc). Ross outlines other forms of indirect bullying which are more subtle and more likely to be verbal, such as name calling, the silent treatment, arguing others into submission, manipulation, gossip/false gossip, lies, rumors/false rumors, staring, giggling, laughing at the victim, saying certain words that trigger a reaction from a past event, and mocking. The children's charity Act Against Bullying was set up in 2003 to help children who were victims of this type of bullying by researching and publishing coping skills.


Effects of bullying on victims


The effects of bullying can be serious and even fatal. Mona O’Moore of the Anti-Bullying Centre at Trinity College in Dublin, has written, "There is a growing body of research which indicates that individuals, whether child or adult, who are persistently subjected to abusive behavior are at risk of stress related illness which can sometimes lead to suicide."

Victims of bullying can suffer from long term emotional and behavioral problems. Bullying can cause loneliness, depression, anxiety, lead to low self-esteem, increased susceptibility to illness, and even thoughts about suicide.

The National Conference of State Legislatures said:
  "In 2002, a report released by the U.S. Secret Service concluded that bullying played a significant role in many school shootings and that efforts should be made to eliminate bullying behavior."

Suicide

There is a strong link between bullying and suicide. Bullying leads to several suicides every year. It is estimated that between 15 and 25 children commit suicide every year in the UK alone, because they are being bullied.


Characteristics of bullies


Research indicates that adults who bully have personalities that are authoritarian, combined with a strong need to control or dominate. It has also been suggested that a prejudicial view of subordinates can be particular a risk factor.

Further studies have shown that envy and resentment may be motives for bullying. Research on the self-esteem of bullies has produced equivocal results. While some bullies are arrogant and narcissistic, others can use bullying as a tool to conceal shame or anxiety or to boost self esteem: by demeaning others, the abuser him/herself feels empowered.

Researchers have identified other risk factors such as depression and personality disorders, as well as quickness to anger and use of force, addiction to aggressive behaviors, mistaking others' actions as hostile, concern with preserving self image, and engaging in obsessive or rigid actions.


It is often suggested that bullying behavior has its origin in childhood:
  "If aggressive behaviour is not challenged in childhood, there is a danger that it may become habitual. Indeed, there is research evidence, to indicate that bullying during childhood puts children at risk of criminal behaviour and domestic violence in adulthood."


Bullies may bully because they themselves have been the victim of bullying.

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Cyberbullying

Main article: Cyber-bullying

According to Canadian educator Bill Belsey, it:

  ...involves the use of information and communication technologies such as e-mail, cell phone and pager text messages, instant messaging, defamatory personal Web sites, blogs, online games and defamatory online personal polling Web sites, to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behaviour by an individual or group, that is intended to harm others.
  —Cyberbullying: An Emerging Threat to the Always On Generation


Bullies will even create blogs to intimidate victims worldwide.

Lost revenue, threatened earnings, defamation
Studies are being conducted by large companies to gauge loss of revenue through malicious false postings. Cyberstalkers seek to damage their victim's earnings, employment, reputation, or safety. A 2008 High Court ruling determined that, generally speaking, slander is when a defamatory statement has been made orally without justification. Libelous statements are those that are recorded with some degree of permanence. This would include statements made by email or on online bulletin boards.

ALSO...
Cyber-bullying can occur in product reviews along with other consumer-generated data are being more closely monitored and flagged for content that is deemed malicious and biased as these sites have become tools to cyberbully by way of malicious requests for deletion of articles, vandalism, abuse of administrative positions, and ganging up on products to post "false" reviews and vote products down.

Cyberstalkers use posts, forums, journals and other online means to present a victim in a false and unflattering light.

Common tactics used by cyberstalkers is to vandalize a search engine or encyclopedia, to threaten a victim's earnings, employment, reputation, or safety. Various companies provide cases of cyber-stalking (involving adults) follow the pattern of repeated actions against a target. While motives vary, whether romantic, a business conflict of interest, or personal dislike, the target is commonly someone whose life the stalker sees or senses elements lacking in his or her own life.

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Commentary: Bullying:

From: ???
..(commentary soon).. 

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Mobbing:

Resource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobbing

Mobbing: The word may thus be a false friend in translation back into English, where mobbing in its primary sense denotes a disorderly gathering by a crowd and in workplace psychology narrowly refers to "ganging up" by others to harass and intimidate an individual.

Research into the phenomenon was pioneered in the 1980s by German-born Swedish scientist Heinz Leymann, who borrowed the term from animal behaviour due to it describing perfectly how a group can attack an individual based only on the negative covert communications from the group".

Mobbing is also found in school systems and this too was discovered by Leymann. Although he preferred the term bullying in the context of school children, some have come to regard mobbing as a form of group bullying. As professor and practising psychologist, Leymann also noted one of the side-effects of mobbing is post traumatic stress disorder and is frequently misdiagnosed. After making this discovery he successfully treated thousands of mobbing victims at his clinic in Sweden.

In the book MOBBING: Emotional Abuse in the American Workplace, the authors say that mobbing is typically found in work environments that have poorly organized production and/or working methods and incapable or inattentive management and that mobbing victims are usually "exceptional individuals who demonstrated intelligence, competence, creativity, integrity, accomplishment and dedication".

According to the authors of 'Workplace Mobbing: Expulsion, Exclusion, and Transformation', workplace 'mobbing' is not generally a familiar term - it is not well understood in some English speaking countries. Some researchers claim that mobbing is simply another name for bullying. Workplace mobbing can be considered as a 'virus' or a 'cancer' that spreads throughout the workplace via gossip, rumor and unfounded accusations. It is a deliberate attempt to force a person out of their workplace by humiliation, general harassment, emotional abuse and/or terror. Mobbing can be described as being “ganged up on”. Mobbing is executed by a leader (who can be a manager, a co-worker, or a subordinate). The leader then rallies others into a systematic and frequent “mob-like” behaviour toward the victim.

Mobbing in the Workplace can also lead to psychological trauma and give rise to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

Psychological and health effects to the victim of mobbing in the workplace:
Victims of workplace mobbing frequently suffer from: adjustment disorders, somatic symptoms (eg, headaches or irritable bowel syndrome), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, major depression.

In mobbing targets with PTSD, Leymann notes that the “mental effects were fully comparable with PTSD from war or prison camp experiences. Some patients may develop alcoholism or other substance abuse disorders. Family relationships routinely suffer. Some targets may even develop brief psychotic episodes, generally with paranoid symptoms. Leymann estimated that 15% of suicides in Sweden could be directly attributed to workplace mobbing.

Degrees of mobbing:


    First degree: Victim manages to resist, escapes at an early stage, or is fully rehabilitated
                           in the original workplace or elsewhere.

Second degree: Victim cannot resist or escape immediately, suffers temporary or prolonged
                           mental and/or physical disability and has difficulty reentering the workforce.

    Third degree: Victim is unable to reenter the workforce, suffers serious, long-lasting mental
                           or physical disability.

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Commentary: Mobbing:

From: ???
..(commentary soon)..

 <img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~
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A multitude of thanks!

A combined effort of many: taking away the power of the perp!
http://en.wikipedia.org/ ~ Cyberstalking
To Wikipedia, the Staff and Editors that make this fabulous site possible, and all those that work to continually
add to the wealth of information this website provides to/for the world!

As well, many thanks to ALL the sources and ALL those that have made this information available to share.
Knowledge IS power and by affording knowledge to potential victims, then the playing field between the perps
and the potential victims can become more level, without the criminals only being allowed the upper hand.

Ways to join in, contribute to this mission, please see the main page: Cyberstalking. Thank you! - /Artsie_ladie

____________________________________________


Resources => Cyberstalking_Link_Index

A complete list of resource links used throughout this wiki.

Resource links on this wiki-page:
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobbing
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ ???

<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBeadDividerByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png>


Cyberstalking Main Sub-wiki-pages:

<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Cyberstalking (Main/Home)
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Cyberstalking-Stalking
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Adaptive_Personality_Defenses
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Behavioural_Tendencies
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Bullying-Mobbing (here)
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Cell-phone_Users_Beware
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Computer_Vulnerabilities
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Cyberstalking_Link_Index
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Guidance_Versus_Forbiddance
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Hacker-Stalker_Toolbox
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Health_Issues_Of_Victims
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Online_Safety-n-Security
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Personality_Disorders
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Sharing-To-Empower_Victim-No-More!
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Support-n-Survival_De-victimizing
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Tech-Knowledgy_IS_Power
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Victimization
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Victimizing_Methods
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Victim_Of_Cyberstalking

____________________________________________


More Related Wiki-pages:
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ Grooming, how to
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ SHU (Stalker Haters United)
<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBall11ByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png> ~ ???


<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBeadDividerByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png>

May God Bless You and Have a "Safe" Day!

May the love of God always touch and live within your heart!

<i>By [Artsieladie]
</i>
All creativity on this site, including but not limited to, the art, writing, poetry, ideas and concepts, etc., created
and brought forth by [Artsieladie], aka Sharon Donnelly, is therefore owned by and copyrighted to the same, its creator. It may NOT be used, modified, copied, reproduced, or anything else without my expressed, written permission PER ITEM, including my nearly 11,000 graphics on this site.
To contact [Artsieladie], aka Sharon Donnelly:
<mailto:artsie_ladie@elftown.org>
Text ONLY emails! Non-compliance means deletion!

www.elftown.org

<img:http://www.cathug.com/stuff/GoldBeadDividerByArtsie_ladie%c2%a92010.png>


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